Pentanema Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris. 74. 1818; Fl. China @ eFloras.org 20-21: 828.

Annual herbs or shrublets. Stem terete, not winged. Leaves alternate, oblong to lanceolate, entire to serrate, often villous. Heads (Capitula) generally heterogamous, radiate but sometimes disciform or homogamous and disciform, in terminal cymose panicles. Receptacle epaleate, smooth. Ray florets female. Corolla yellow, radiate, +/- tubular; in discoid capitula ray florets absent. Disc florets bisexual. Corolla yellow, 5-lobed, lobes short, smooth. Anthers ecalcarate, with branched tails. Style branches +/- flattened, obtuse or truncate at apex with acute sweeping hairs, not reaching furcation. Cypselae ellipsoid, with elongated crystals. Pappus of barbellate, capillary bristles in 1 row.

34 species

Pentanema indicum (L.) Y. Ling, Acta Phytotax. Sin 10: 179. 1965; Fl. China @ eFloras.org 20-21: 828; keralaplants.in; S Kumar in Hajra et al., Fl. Ind. 13: 28. 1995; Vicoa indica (L.) DC., in Wright Contr. 10: 1834; Nair, Fl. Bushahr Himal. 168. 1977; Kaur & Sharma, Fl. Sirmaur 400. 2004; Singh & Sharma, Fl. Chamba Dist. 438. 2006; V. auriculata Cassini., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. 1, 17: 418. 1829; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 297. 1882; Collett, Fl. Siml. ed. 2: 260. 1921 (Reprint 1980); Inula indica L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1236. 1763.

Annual herbs, up to 1 m tall. Stems erect, much branched, branches slender, terete, purple- reddish, tomentose with long spreading hairs. Leaves alternate, sessile, 0.5-8 cm x 0.2-3 cm, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, base truncate or auriculate and subclasping the stem, margin entire, shallowly serrulate, adaxially deep green, gland-dotted and abaxially yellowish-green, both surfaces tomentose or shortly hairy. Capitula axillary or terminal in lax corymbiform panicle, 1.3-1.6 cm across, yellow, radiate; peduncles bracteate, 3-5 cm long, slender, densely tomentose. Involucre broadly campanulate. Phyllaries in 4-5 series, many, green, narrow linear to subulate, 5-10 mm x 0.3-0.5 mm, outer shorter and innermost longest, all phyllaries with long dense white hairs. Receptacle hemispheric, epaleate, glabrous. Ray florets: Female, many, up to 50+, in 1 series. Corolla tube ca. 2 mm long, hairy; limb narrow, 6-10 mm x 1-1.2 mm, yellow, apex 3-toothed, outer (abaxial) surface pilose. Ovary ca. 1 mm long; style ca. 2.5 mm long, branched. Disc florets: Numerous, bisexual, 4-5 mm long. Corolla tubular-campanulate; tube ca. 2 mm long, throat ca. 1.7 mm x 0.9 mm, lobes 5, ca. 0.2 mm long, triangular, yellow. Anthers tailed at base. Ovary ca. 1 mm long. Style branched. Cypselae terete, linear-oblong, brown, 0.7-0.8 mm, ribbed, apex truncate. Pappus of few ca. 2-3 mm long bristles both in ray and disc cypselae.

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